Valuation Ratios: Beta

The beta figure on our Stock Snapshots compares the stock's volatility to that of the S&P 500 index using the returns over the past three years. If a stock has a beta of 1, for instance, it means that over the past 60 months its price has gained 10% every time the S&P 500 has moved up 10%. It has also declined 10% on average when the S&P declines the same amount. In other words, the price tends to move in sync with the S&P, and it is considered a relatively steady stock.

The more risky a stock is, the more its beta moves upward. A figure of 2.5 means a gain or loss of 25% every time the S&P gains or loses just 10%. Likewise, a beta of 0.7 means the stock moves just 7% when the index moves in either direction. A low-beta stock will protect you in a general downturn, a high beta means the potential for outsize rewards in an upturn.

That's how it's supposed to work, anyway. Unfortunately, past behavior offers no guarantees about the future. If a company's prospects change for better or worse, then its beta is likely change, too. So use the figure as a guide to a stock's tendencies, not as a crystal ball.