Big Oil's a Buy

IN A VERY UGLY 2008 FOR STOCKS, big-oil shares provided one relatively beautiful respite, rising smartly through midyear before losing ground as petroleum prices slid from the astounding peak around $147 a barrel that they hit in July.

Now, with crude more than $100 below that level, shares of the integrated oil giants -- those that do everything from exploring to producing to refining and distributing -- remain in a slump. Some now look tempting for long-term investors, but there's no need to rush. Big oil stocks could get even more tempting in coming weeks as the companies report earnings, issue subdued guidance for 2009 results and reduce the value of their reserves to reflect the latest realities of crude pricing.

The U.S. Energy Information Administration expects oil to average about $43 a barrel in 2009, while some Wall Street energy bulls consider $60 more likely. If either forecast is right, petro stocks will benefit later this year. If on the other hand, crude slides below its current level, as some Street bears expect, the shares could stumble further. Of course, few oil-price prognosticators have covered themselves in glory over the past year, and there's no reason to assume that their forecasting skills have improved. Especially since just where the price will go has much to do with another great unknown: how long the global recession lasts and how strong the subsequent recovery will be.

But a recovery will come eventually, and higher oil prices almost surely will follow. The most enthusiastic bulls even see them returning to $100 within a few years. That's why, over the next few months, patient investors would do well to buy the stocks of the best-positioned companies with the strongest finances and best long-term outlooks. Among them: ExxonMobil, Total and BP . Also worth considering, although more speculative: Petrobras .

Of the top three, ExxonMobil (XOM) looks the priciest, but its mighty cash position makes it the No. 1 candidate for a dividend increase. The company, the world's largest non-government-owned energy outfit, is also a low-cost petroleum producer, as are France's Total (TOT) and the U.K.'s BP (BP), each of which also has impressive natural-gas holdings.

Brazil's Petroleo Brasileiro, known as Petrobras (PBR), a smaller, production-heavy player, has made some intriguing energy discoveries, but some can't be exploited profitably at current petroleum prices.

The story is less positive for the other big players, whose shares are cheap for good reasons. Although it has a decent cash position and dividend, Royal Dutch Shell trades at a discount to its peers, in part because of its miserable history of writing down the size of its reserves. ConocoPhillips (COP) has a weaker balance sheet than most of its rivals, leaving it at a disadvantage in bidding for assets to replace its maturing reserves. And Chevron (CVX) looks downright expensive, especially in light of its high reserve-replacement costs.

The challenge for the publicly traded global giants is replacing their oil and natural-gas fields on a massive scale. National oil companies, chasing profits, now control about 80% of the world's oil. As energy prices rose, ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips were among the companies booted from nationalized projects -- most notably in Venezuela.

The political realities have forced the majors to do much of their exploration in difficult terrain, where finding-costs are high. The good news is that oil-rich countries seeking to fill growing budget holes are likely to offer more attractive terms to the majors, says Daniel Yergin, an energy expert and the author of The Prize, an oil-industry history. The inducements: the majors' access to capital and ability to execute projects and to marshal technology.

The major, independent energy companies still can thrive with oil prices down because they are "so big and diverse, they benefit in the chemical and refining areas from a drop in prices...," says Sean Bogda, a money manager at Global Currents, a unit of Legg Mason.

One big bull on the sector is Tim Guinness, who runs the Guinness Atkinson Global Energy Fund (GAGEX). He contends that all the integrated oil stocks are a "screaming buy" with more than 50% upside, if you believe, as he does, that petroleum prices will average $60 in 2010 and $70 in 2011.

The money manager's argument: The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) wants $70 oil and ultimately will take the actions necessary to obtain it, even if its members have an interest in "giving the world an economic break" with lower prices for now.

One threat overhanging all of the oil companies is the possibility that the Democrat-controlled Congress will revive the windfall-profits tax of the 1980s. But just how deeply such a levy would bite into earnings and whether it really would be imposed are both unknowns at this point.

Bears also fear that dividends will fall unless crude and natural-gas prices heat up. But, says Jeff Parsons, an energy analyst at Eaton Vance Management: "Integrated oil companies, even if they have a downturn in cash flows, rarely cut the dividend-they try to maintain or grow it. What they can do is reduce their capital expenditures." In fact, capex budgets are shrinking already, in line with oil prices.

Herewith, a look at the most attractive players, and some of their rivals:

This company is in a league of its own, not just for its girth and $37 billion cash stash, but for its low reserve-replacement costs -- born of many accessible energy fields and superior technology -- project-financing capability and a shrewd but conservative management team. Headed by CEO Rex Tillerson, Exxon's management gets consistent praise on Wall Street.

This is why Exxon investors have long paid a premium multiple, which today stands near 14 times estimated 2009 earnings of $5.51. That's a roughly 10% premium to the integrated oil sector, but well below the 30% the stock boasted last year.

Exxon shares have been the most stable among those of the big energy firms, down only 6% over the past 12 months. In contrast, its 2% yield is the lowest among the integrated giants. But, given the company's powerful financial position, bulls argue that it's likely to boost its payout, after having emphasized repurchases in recent years.

Exxon spent $26.9 billion in 2008's first nine months, shaving its total of outstanding shares by 5.5%, to roughly five billion. The company has repurchased more than 2 billion shares over the past decade. If the buybacks were to continue apace, Deutsche Bank analyst Paul Sankey has quipped, ExxonMobil could be a private company by 2020.

ExxonMobil didn't respond to a request for comment. It noted in third-quarter filings, however, that dividends rose 13% per share in 2008's first nine months -- largely the result of fewer outstanding shares.

Recently, speculation has grown about whether ExxonMobil will make an acquisition. Among the rumored targets are Britain's BG Group (BG.U.K.) for its natural-gas assets. There has even been talk of a bid for all or part of Royal Dutch Shell, a deal that would face regulatory hurdles.